Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWMJump to:
Solarthermal power plants: degradation of materials in molten salts
Driven by the long-term need of utilization of fluctuating regenerative energy resources Fraunhofer IWM invests in the development of methods for assessment and qualification of materials to be used in the molten salt environment of high temperature storage systems of solar power plants (TES thermal energy storage, CSP concentrated solar power plants).
Molten salts have been widely used in the industry, for example as baths of molten chloride salt mixtures for alloying surface treatments or as fluoride salts for the purification of metal surfaces. More recently molten nitrate and nitrite mixtures have been becoming more attractive due to their application as heat transfer fluid (HTF) and thermal storage for the power industry.
These activities are included in the Fraunhofer project Supergrid (project management: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE), which comprises additional aspects of integration fluctuating regenerative energy resources into a trans-European power grid. DESERTEC
For the optimization of cost-efficiency and reliability of high temperature storage and piping systems for molten salts, comprehensive material characterization and assessment are needed. In the field of heat exchangers the appearance of complex and cyclic thermal-mechanical stresses under the chemical influence of the molten salts can cause a critical degradation of the material resulting in failure of the system.
Compact visualisation of experimental possibilities on the topic of: »Degradation of materials in molten salts« led by the group »Microstructure, Residual Stresses«
Fraunhofer IWM has qualified and experienced staff (physicists, engineers and chemists) for the study of the degradation mechanisms, the material selection and optimization, the development of protective systems and the evaluation of life time prediction methods. Moreover Fraunhofer IWM is currently working on the design and building of new testing facilities for the mechanical characterization of materials exposed to molten salt environments at high temperatures.
Comprehensive microstructure and surface analysis by means of optical and electron microscopy, element analysis, EBSD (Electron backscatter diffraction) and X-Ray diffraction (analysis of phases and internal stresses)
Study of the chemical stability of molten salts at high temperatures
Static corrosion tests to evaluate the corrosion rates and identify the degradation mechanisms
Corrosion investigations in flowing molten salt
Slow strain rate tests (SSRT - CERT) i.e. mechanical loading with low strain rate in molten salt environments to separate and quantify the amount of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking occurring in the raw material
Mechanical fatigue tests with superimposed corrosive stress due to molten salt
Cyclical thermal corrosive stress
Development and testing of protective layers
Literature and additional links
Platzer, W.; Boie, I.; Ragwitz, M.; Kost, C.; Thoma, J.; Vogel, A.; Fluri, T.; Pfeiffer, W.; Burmeister, F.; Tham, N.; Pudlik, M.; Bohn, S.; Agsten, M.; Bretschneider, P.; Westermann, D.; Kranzer, D.; Schlegl, T.; Fraunhofer Zukunftsthemen "SUPERGRID". Supergrid - Ansatz für die Integration von Erneuerbaren Energien in Europa und Nordafrika; Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg (2016) 37 Seiten Link
Preußner, J.; Peiffer, W.; Piedra, E.; Oeser, S.; Tandler, M.; von Hartrott, P.; Maier, G.; Long-term material tests in liquid molten salts; in Proc. of 8th International Conference on Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants 2016; Parker, J.; Shingledecker, J.; Siefert, J. (Eds.); ASM International, Materials Park, OH, USA (2016) 1128-1139 Link
Gurr, M.; Bau, S.; Burmeister, F.; Wirth, M.; Piedra-Gonzales, E.; Krebser, K.; Preußner, J.; Pfeiffer, W., Investigation of the corrosion behavior of NiVAl multilayer coatings in hot salt melts; Surface and Coatings Technology 279 (2015) 101-111 Link